Hauv kev tshaj tawm ib pliag ntawm lub Kaum Hlis 3, 2023, Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Physics rau cov neeg phais neeg nyob rau hauv realm ntawm attosecond laser laser.

Lo lus "agosecond laser" derives nws lub npe los ntawm incredibly luv luv nws ua haujlwm rau, tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm attoseconds, sib raug rau 10 ^ -18 vib nas this. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, kev nkag siab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ua attosecond kos npe yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tus attosecond sawv ua ib feeb ntawm lub sijhawm, constituting ib billionth ntawm ib lub labalion ntawm ib ob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib ob. Txhawm rau muab qhov no nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo, yog tias peb tau ua piv rau lub roob siab dua, ib lub siab ntev yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov xuab zeb zes ntawm lub roob lub hauv paus. Hauv no lub teeb cig nyob hauv plawv, txawm tias lub teeb tuaj yeem tauj li cas mus hla kev deb sib npaug rau qhov loj me ntawm ib tus neeg atom. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm Afosecond lasers, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais cov khoom siv tsis tau pom zoo thiab muab cov khoom siv qeeb-los ntawm cov kab ke qub

Attosecond lasersSawv cev cov kev ua tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev hais lus meej los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, uas tau siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm Nonfinar Optics rau cov tshuab roj av ultraS. Lawv cov kev tawm suab tau muab faib rau peb nrog lub hom phiaj tshiab taw qhia rau kev soj ntsuam thiab kev tshawb cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv atoms, molecules, thiab txawm tias hluav taws xob hauv cov ntaub ntawv khoom.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov xwm txheej ntawm Afosecond lasers thiab ua tsaug rau lawv cov cwj pwm tsis muaj peev xwm tshawb nrhiav lawv cov lus hauv qhov dav dav "tsev neeg laser." Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm aphit lasers tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntau ntawm ultraviolet mus rau lub wavelengths luv luv luv luv hauv kev sib piv rau lasers. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom tawm suab, aphaus lasers poob nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm pulsed lasers, tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov cim mem tes durations. Txhawm rau kos cov analogy kom pom meej, ib qho tuaj yeem tso cov nyom ua rau lub teeb txuas ntxiv mus rau lub teeb txuas ntxiv mus ua lub teeb ci Hauv essence, aphecond lasers ua rau pom kev coj ua rau lub teeb thiab tsaus ntuj, tsis tau hloov pauv ntau zaus, mus txog ntawm kev ua agoseconds.

Customization ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab lasers mus rau hauv qis-zog, nruab nrab-zog, thiab lub siab-fais fab nkhaus. Attosecond lasers ua tiav lub zog siab vim lawv lub zog luv luv, ua rau muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws (p) Txawm hais tias ib tug neeg attasecond laser pulses yuav tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb lub zog (w), lawv cov tsiaj ib ntus (t) imparts lawv nrog txhawb kom lub zog siab.

Hauv kev thov daim ntawv thov, lasers spec ancompass indention encompassing industrompassing, kev kho mob, thiab kev siv scientific. Attosecond lasers feem ntau pom lawv cov niche nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog physics thiab chemistry, muab lub qhov rai rau hauv lub microcosmic ntiaj teb cov txheej txheem nrawm.

Categorization los ntawm Laser nruab nrab ntawm cov roj av li roj av, lasers-stateers, thiab semiconductor lasers. Lub sijhawm ntawm attosecond lasers feem ntau hinges rau roj av laser media, nqis peev ntawm nonline qhov kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib raug zoo ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov noj, aphosecond lasers muab cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov mem tes luv luv, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov mem tes tshwj xeeb durations, feem ntau ntsuas ntawm attoseconds. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas thiab tswj cov txheej txheem electrafast cov hluav taws xob hauv atoms, lwg, thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom.

Cov txheej txheem piav qhia ntawm Attosecond laser tiam

Attosecond laser thev naus laus zis sawv ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, khav theeb ib qho kev tsim kho kom nruj rau nws tiam. Txhawm rau elucatacies ntawm agosecond laser tiam, peb pib nrog cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha ntawm nws cov ntsiab cai los ntawm kev ua piv txwv no tau los ntawm kev paub txhua hnub. Cov neeg nyeem tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov intricacies xav tsis tag kev cia siab, raws li kev ua piv txwv qhia ua piv txwv ntawm Attuction physics ntawm Attosecond lasers nkag tau.

Cov txheej txheem ntau tshaj ntawm Afosecond lasers feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem uas paub zoo li cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua zoo (HHG). Firstly, lub nqaj ntawm cov kev siv siab femtosecond (10 ^ -15 vib nas this) laser pulses yog tight rau lub guitous cov khoom siv. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias femtosecond lasers, Akin rau agrosecond lasers, faib cov yam ntxwv ntawm muaj cov mem tes luv luv thiab lub zog siab. Nyob rau hauv cov cawv ntawm lub zog ua laser ua laser, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm atoms yog liber ntau lub hnub nyoog, hloov pauv lub xeev ntawm lub xeev dawb electrons. Raws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob oscillate nyob rau hauv teb rau lub teb laser, thaum nws nws thiaj li rov qab mus thiab sau npe nrog lawv niam thiab txiv atomic nuclei, tsim kom muaj lub zog tshiab lub zog.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, hluav taws xob txav ntawm cov velocities heev, thiab thaum kev ua kom zoo nkauj nrog cov atomic nuclei, lawv tso tawm ntxiv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj zog, ua kom muaj zog photons zoo.

Cov nquag ntawm cov no ua kom muaj zog photons loj yog cov lej ua kom muaj zog ntawm thawj qhov kev sib raug zoo "txhais tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntau zaus uas muaj ntau zaus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau kom muaj omosecond lasers, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom lim thiab tsom cov kev txiav txim siab zoo, xaiv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev pom zoo rau hauv lub focal point. Yog tias xav tau, cov tshuaj mem tes compression cov txuj ci tuaj yeem txo tus mem tes ntev, yielding ultra-luv pulses hauv attosecond ntau. Pom tseeb, lub sijhawm ntawm attosecond lasers tsim cov txheej txheem ntse thiab cov ntau ntau cov txheej txheem ua ntej ntawm kev ua tiav thiab khoom siv tshwj xeeb.

Txhawm rau DEMYSTify cov txheej txheem no, peb muab ib qho kev piv txwv zoo sib xws hauv cov xwm txheej txhua hnub:

High-powergy femtosecond laser pulses:

Kev muaj ib qho kev muaj peev xwm catapult muaj peev xwm nrawm nrawm, akin mus rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm colossal nrawm nrawm

Gaseous cov phiaj khoom siv:

Daim duab lub cev tranquil ntawm cov dej uas ua piv txwv cov khoom siv gusous, uas txhua qhov dej ntws sawv cev myriad roj atoms. Txoj cai ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub pob zeb mus rau lub cev ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv laser ntawm cov khoom siv gusous.

Lub suab hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov kho (kev hloov pauv lub cev):

Thaum femtosecond laser pulse cuam tshuam cov roj atoms tsis pub dhau lub xeev uas lawv tshem tawm ntawm lawv txoj kev xav txog atomic nuclei, sib sau lub plasma zoo li lub xeev. Raws li lub zog lub zog tom ntej ploj zuj zus (txij li lub laser pulsed yog inherently pulsed, featurons rov qab mus rau lawv thaj chaw ntawm atomic nuclei, tso tawm cov photons zoo.

High harmonic tiam:

Xav txog txhua lub sijhawm dej ntws poob rov qab mus rau lub pas dej nto, nws tsim cov ripples, ntau npaum li kev sib raug zoo hauv agonecond lasers. Cov ripples muaj ntau dua thiab cov cua sov tshaj li tus thawj ripples tshwm sim los ntawm tus thawj femtosecond laser pulse. Thaum lub sij hawm HHG txheej txheem, lub zog muaj zog ci, akin txuas ntxiv pov pob zeb tsis tu ncua, pom lub hom phiaj roj, zoo li lub pas dej nto. Qhov no ua kom nruj laser fields cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv cov pa roj, piv rau cov pa taws, kom deb ntawm lawv cov niam txiv atoms thiab tom qab ntawd rub rov qab. Txhua lub sijhawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau qhov atom, nws emits ib qho tshiab laser nqaj nrog cov ntau dua zaus, zoo nkauj rau ntau cov qauv ripple.

Lim thiab tsom:

Kev sib txuas tag nrho cov no cov kab teeb laser no tsim tawm ntawm ntau cov xim (zaus lossis wavelengths), qee qhov uas suav tias tus attosecond laser. Txhawm rau cais tshwj xeeb RIPPLE ntau thiab tsawg zaus, koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub khob tshwj xeeb, thiab ua haujlwm lub khob loj kom tsom lawv mus rau qee thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.

Mem tes compression (yog tias tsim nyog):

Yog tias koj taw rau kev hais tawm cov rippe sai dua thiab luv dua, koj tuaj yeem nrawm dua siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, txo lub sijhawm txhua qhov ripple. Lub cim ntawm Attosecond lasers cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tawg thiab pom, nws dhau los ua kev nkag siab ntau.