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Ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus, laser siv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm energizing nruab nrab kom ua tiav lub xeev uas nws muaj peev xwm emit lub teeb laser. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txhaj lub teeb lossis hluav taws xob tam sim no rau hauv nruab nrab, ua rau nws cov atoms zoo siab thiab ua rau lub emission ntawm coherent lub teeb. Cov txheej txheem hauv paus no tau hloov zuj zus txij li qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj lasers nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20th caug xyoo.
Thaum feem ntau ua qauv los ntawm qhov sib npaug sib npaug, laser siv lub hauv paus yog qhov txheej txheem quantum mechanical. Nws koom nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm photons thiab atomic lossis molecular qauv ntawm qhov nruab nrab nce. Cov qauv Advanced xav txog qhov tshwm sim zoo li Rabi oscillations, uas muab kev nkag siab ntau dua ntawm cov kev sib cuam tshuam no.
Laser twj tso kua mis yog ib txoj kev uas lub zog, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb los yog hluav taws xob tam sim no, yog nkag mus rau ib tug laser qhov nce nruab nrab kom elevate nws atoms los yog molecules rau siab zog xeev. Qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov pej xeem inversion, lub xeev uas muaj cov khoom muaj zog ntau dua li hauv lub xeev qis zog, ua rau lub nruab nrab kom nthuav dav lub teeb los ntawm kev txhawb nqa emission. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuam tshuam quantum, feem ntau ua qauv los ntawm kev sib npaug sib npaug lossis ntau dua quantum mechanical moj khaum. Cov yam tseem ceeb muaj xws li kev xaiv ntawm lub twj tso kua mis (xws li laser diodes los yog cov teeb tawm), twj tso kua mis (sab los yog qhov kawg twj), thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo (spectrum, siv, beam zoo, polarization) kom haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov twj tso kua mis. nce nruab nrab. Laser twj tso kua mis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau hom laser, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, semiconductor, thiab roj lasers, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Ntau yam ntawm Optically Pumped Lasers
1. Solid-State Lasers nrog Doped Insulators
· Txheej txheem cej luam:Cov lasers no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob insulating nruab nrab thiab tso siab rau kev siv kho qhov muag los ua kom muaj zog laser-active ions. Ib qho piv txwv yog neodymium hauv YAG lasers.
·Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no:Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm A. Antipov et al. tham txog ib qho khoom-state ze-IR laser rau spin-pauv pauv qhov muag pom. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog kev nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze-infrared spectrum, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv xws li kev kho mob duab thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Nyeem ntxiv:Ib Lub Xeev Zej Zog IR Laser rau Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. Semiconductor Lasers
·Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav: Feem ntau cov twj siv hluav taws xob, semiconductor lasers kuj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv kho qhov muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kom muaj qhov ci ntsa iab, xws li Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Kev Txhim Kho Tsis ntev los no: U. Keller txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kho qhov muag zaus combs los ntawm ultrafast solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers muab kev nkag siab rau cov tiam ntawm cov zaus ruaj khov combs los ntawm diode-pumped solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers. Qhov kev nce qib no tseem ceeb rau kev siv hauv optical zaus metrology.
Nyeem ntxiv:Optical zaus combs los ntawm ultrafast solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers
3. Gas Lasers
·Optical Pumping nyob rau hauv Gas Lasers: Qee hom roj lasers, zoo li alkali vapor lasers, siv optical pumping. Cov lasers no feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas xav tau cov teeb pom kev zoo sib xws nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Qhov chaw rau Optical Pumping
Tshem Tawm Teeb: Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub teeb-pumped lasers, tso tawm teeb yog siv rau lawv lub zog siab thiab dav spectrum. YA Mandryko et al. tsim ib lub zog qauv ntawm impulse arc tawm tiam nyob rau hauv active media optical pumping xenon teeb ntawm solid-state lasers. Cov qauv no pab txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov twj tso kua mis impulse, tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm zoo laser.
Laser Diodes:Siv nyob rau hauv diode-pumped lasers, laser diodes muaj qhov zoo xws li kev ua haujlwm siab, compact loj, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo.
Nyeem ntxiv:laser diode yog dab tsi?
Teeb Teeb: Lub teeb nyem yog khaus, dav-spectrum teeb pom kev zoo uas feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev lasers, xws li ruby lossis Nd:YAG lasers. Lawv muab ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob tawg ntawm lub teeb uas excites lub laser nruab nrab.
Arc Teeb: Zoo ib yam li lub teeb nyem tab sis tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, arc teeb muaj lub teeb ci tsis tu ncua. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntaub ntawv qhov twg nruam yoj (CW) laser ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau.
LEDs (Lub teeb Emitting Diodes): Txawm tias tsis zoo li laser diodes, LEDs tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv kho qhov muag hauv qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim lawv lub neej ntev, tus nqi qis, thiab muaj nyob hauv ntau lub wavelengths.
Hnub ci: Hauv qee qhov kev sim teeb tsa, cov hnub ci tseem ceeb tau siv los ua lub twj tso kua mis rau lub hnub ci-tso lasers. Txoj kev no siv lub hnub ci zog, ua rau nws rov ua dua tshiab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txawm tias nws tswj tau tsawg dua thiab tsis tshua muaj siab dua piv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes: Cov no yog laser diodes txuas rau optical fibers, uas xa cov twj tso kua mis lub teeb zoo dua rau lub laser nruab nrab. Txoj kev no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv fiber ntau lasers thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov kev xa tawm ntawm lub twj tso kua mis yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Lwm yam Lasers: Qee zaum, ib lub laser siv los tso rau lwm qhov. Piv txwv li, qhov zaus-ob npaug Nd: YAG laser tej zaum yuav raug siv los tso lub laser dye. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv thaum cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau rau cov txheej txheem nqus dej uas tsis yooj yim ua tiav nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo.
Diode-pumped solid-state laser
Pib Lub Zog Source: Cov txheej txheem pib nrog lub diode laser, uas ua haujlwm raws li lub twj tso kua mis. Diode lasers raug xaiv rau lawv cov efficiency, compact loj, thiab muaj peev xwm mus emit lub teeb ntawm tej wavelengths.
Pump Light:Lub diode laser emits lub teeb uas yog absorbed los ntawm solid-state nce nruab nrab. Lub wavelength ntawm lub diode laser yog tailored kom phim cov yam ntxwv haum ntawm qhov nce nruab nrab.
Solid-StateTau qhov nruab nrab
Khoom siv:Qhov nruab nrab ntawm DPSS lasers feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hauv xeev xws li Nd: YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd: YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), lossis Yb: YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
Doping:Cov ntaub ntawv no yog doped nrog tsawg-lub ntiaj teb ions (xws li Nd lossis Yb), uas yog cov active laser ions.
Energy Absorption thiab Excitation:Thaum lub teeb lub teeb los ntawm lub diode laser nkag mus rau qhov nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab, qhov tsawg-lub ntiaj teb ions nqus lub zog no thiab tau txais kev zoo siab rau lub zog siab dua.
Population Inversion
Ua kom tiav Cov Pej Xeem Inversion:Tus yuam sij rau laser txiav yog ua tiav cov pej xeem inversion nyob rau hauv qhov nce nruab nrab. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau ions nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev av.
Stimulated Emission:Thaum cov pej xeem inversion tiav lawm, cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug photon sib haum mus rau lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub zoo siab thiab hauv av xeev yuav ua rau kom lub siab ions rov qab mus rau hauv av xeev, emitting ib tug photon nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem.
Optical Resonator
Daim iav: Qhov nruab nrab qhov nce yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho optical resonator, feem ntau tsim los ntawm ob daim iav ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
Cov Lus Qhia thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm: Ib qho ntawm cov iav yog qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, thiab lwm qhov yog ib feem ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Photons thaws rov qab thiab tawm ntawm cov iav no, txhawb nqa ntau dua emissions thiab amplifying lub teeb.
Laser Emission
Coherent Lub Teeb: Cov photons uas tau tso tawm yog coherent, txhais tau tias lawv nyob rau theem thiab muaj tib lub wavelength.
Cov zis: Cov iav tsom iav ib nrab tso cai rau qee qhov ntawm lub teeb no dhau mus, tsim cov kab teeb laser uas tawm ntawm DPSS laser.
Pumping Geometry: Sab vs. Xaus Pumping
| Txoj Kev Pumping | Kev piav qhia | Daim ntawv thov | Qhov zoo | Kev sib tw |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sab Pumping | Pump teeb qhia perpendicular rau lub laser nruab nrab | Qws los yog fiber ntau lasers | Uniform faib ntawm lub twj tso kua mis lub teeb, haum rau kev siv hluav taws xob siab | Non-uniform nce tis, qis beam zoo |
| Xaus Pumping | Twj lub teeb taw qhia raws tib axis raws li lub teeb laser | Solid-state lasers zoo li Nd:YAG | Uniform nce tis, siab dua beam zoo | Kev sib xyaw ua ke, tsis tshua muaj cua sov dissipation nyob rau hauv high-power lasers |
Yuav Tsum Tau Siv Lub Teeb Pom Kev Zoo
| Kev xav tau | Qhov tseem ceeb | Impact/Balance | Sau ntawv ntxiv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spectrum Suitability | Lub wavelength yuav tsum phim qhov nqus spectrum ntawm lub laser nruab nrab | Ua kom muaj kev nqus tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov pej xeem inversion | - |
| Kev siv zog | Yuav tsum siab txaus rau qhov xav tau qib excitation | Kev siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau thermal puas; tsawg dhau yuav tsis ua tiav cov pej xeem inversion | - |
| Beam Quality | Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kawg-pumped lasers | Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib txuas thiab pab txhawb rau emission laser beam zoo | High beam zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib tshooj ntawm cov twj tso kua mis thiab laser hom ntim |
| Polarization | Yuav tsum tau rau kev tshaj tawm nrog cov khoom anisotropic | Txhim khu kev nqus tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam emission laser lub teeb polarization | Lub xeev tshwj xeeb polarization tej zaum yuav tsim nyog |
| Lub suab nrov | Tsawg suab nrov yog qhov tseem ceeb | Kev hloov pauv hauv lub teeb siv lub teeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau laser tso zis zoo thiab ruaj khov | Tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab precision |
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-01-2023