Sau npe rau peb cov social media kom tau txais cov ntawv tshaj tawm sai
Hauv nws lub ntsiab lus, laser pumping yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom lub zog nruab nrab kom ua tiav lub xeev uas nws tuaj yeem tso tawm lub teeb laser. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev txhaj lub teeb lossis hluav taws xob rau hauv nruab nrab, ua rau nws cov atoms zoo siab thiab ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntawm lub teeb sib xws. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no tau hloov pauv ntau txij li thaum muaj thawj lasers hauv nruab nrab xyoo pua 20th.
Txawm hais tias feem ntau ua qauv los ntawm cov qauv sib npaug, kev siv laser pumping yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem quantum mechanical. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm photons thiab cov qauv atomic lossis molecular ntawm qhov nce nruab nrab. Cov qauv siab heev xav txog cov xwm txheej zoo li Rabi oscillations, uas muab kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv txog cov kev sib cuam tshuam no.
Kev siv laser pumping yog ib qho txheej txheem uas lub zog, feem ntau yog lub teeb lossis hluav taws xob tam sim no, raug muab rau lub laser qhov nce nruab nrab kom tsa nws cov atoms lossis molecules mus rau lub xeev zog siab dua. Qhov kev hloov pauv zog no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov pej xeem inversion, lub xeev uas ntau cov khoom me me zoo siab dua li nyob rau hauv lub xeev zog qis dua, ua rau lub nruab nrab kom nthuav lub teeb los ntawm kev tso tawm. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuam tshuam quantum nyuaj, feem ntau ua qauv los ntawm cov lej sib npaug lossis cov qauv quantum mechanical siab dua. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog kev xaiv ntawm lub twj tso kua mis qhov chaw (xws li laser diodes lossis teeb tso tawm), lub twj tso kua mis geometry (sab lossis kawg pumping), thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub twj tso kua mis lub teeb yam ntxwv (spectrum, intensity, beam zoo, polarization) kom phim cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm lub nruab nrab nce. Laser pumping yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau hom laser, suav nrog solid-state, semiconductor, thiab roj lasers, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau laser txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Cov Lasers Uas Muaj Pumped Optically
1. Cov Lasers Solid-State nrog Doped Insulators
· Txheej txheem cej luam:Cov lasers no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab vam khom lub zog ntawm lub teeb kom ua rau cov ions laser-active muaj zog. Ib qho piv txwv feem ntau yog neodymium hauv YAG lasers.
·Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsis Ntev Los No:Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm A. Antipov et al. tham txog lub laser solid-state near-IR rau spin-exchange optical pumping. Daim ntawv tshawb fawb no qhia txog kev nce qib hauv cov thev naus laus zis laser solid-state, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ze-infrared, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov xws li kev kho mob duab thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Nyeem Ntxiv:Ib Lub Laser Nyob Ze-IR Solid-State rau Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. Cov Tshuab Laser Semiconductor
·Cov Ntaub Ntawv Dav Dav: Feem ntau yog siv hluav taws xob pumped, semiconductor lasers kuj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv optical pumping, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov kaj siab, xws li Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Kev Txhim Kho Tsis Ntev Los No: U. Keller txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv zaus optical los ntawm ultrafast solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers muab kev nkag siab rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv zaus ruaj khov los ntawm diode-pumped solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers. Qhov kev nce qib no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov hauv optical frequency metrology.
Nyeem Ntxiv:Cov tshuab hluav taws xob optical frequency combs los ntawm ultrafast solid-state thiab semiconductor lasers
3. Cov Pa roj Lasers
·Kev Siv Lub Tshuab Pom Kev Hauv Cov Roj Lasers: Qee hom roj lasers, zoo li alkali vapor lasers, siv lub tshuab pom kev. Cov lasers no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov teeb pom kev zoo sib xws nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Cov peev txheej rau Optical Pumping
Cov Teeb Tso TawmCov teeb uas siv lub teeb pumped, feem ntau yog siv rau lawv lub zog siab thiab dav spectrum. YA Mandryko et al. tau tsim ib lub qauv fais fab ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob impulse arc hauv cov teeb xenon uas siv lub teeb xenon ntawm cov lasers khov kho. Cov qauv no pab ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov teeb impulse pumping, uas tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm laser zoo.
Cov Laser Diodes:Siv rau hauv diode-pumped lasers, laser diodes muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li kev ua haujlwm siab, me me, thiab lub peev xwm los kho kom zoo.
Nyeem ntxiv:lub laser diode yog dab tsi?
Teeb CiCov teeb ci ntsa iab yog cov teeb ci ntsa iab, dav dav uas feem ntau siv rau kev siv cov lasers khov kho, xws li ruby lossis Nd: YAG lasers. Lawv muab lub teeb ci ntsa iab uas ua rau lub laser nruab nrab zoo siab.
Teeb ArcZoo ib yam li cov teeb ci ntsa iab tab sis tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, cov teeb arc muab qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Lawv siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm laser txuas ntxiv mus (CW).
Cov LEDs (Cov Teeb Ci Tawm)Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj ntau npaum li cov laser diodes, LEDs tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv lub zog pom hauv qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim lawv lub neej ntev, tus nqi qis, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov wavelengths.
Lub hnub ciHauv qee qhov kev teeb tsa sim, lub hnub ci uas muaj zog tau siv los ua lub twj tso kua mis rau cov lasers uas siv lub hnub ci. Txoj kev no siv lub zog hnub ci, ua rau nws yog qhov chaw rov ua dua tshiab thiab pheej yig, txawm hais tias nws tsis tshua tswj tau thiab tsis muaj zog piv rau cov chaw teeb pom kev zoo.
Cov Diode Laser Fiber-CoupledCov no yog cov laser diodes txuas nrog cov fibers optical, uas xa lub teeb twj tso kua mis mus rau lub laser nruab nrab zoo dua. Txoj kev no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov fiber lasers thiab hauv cov xwm txheej uas kev xa lub teeb twj tso kua mis kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lwm yam LasersQee zaum, ib lub laser siv los tso lwm lub. Piv txwv li, ib lub laser Nd: YAG uas muaj zaus ob npaug yuav siv los tso lub laser zas xim. Txoj kev no feem ntau siv thaum xav tau cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem tso dej uas tsis yooj yim ua tiav nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj.
Lub laser solid-state uas siv diode-pumped
Qhov Chaw Pib Siv Hluav Taws XobCov txheej txheem pib nrog lub diode laser, uas ua haujlwm ua lub twj tso kua mis. Cov diode lasers raug xaiv rau lawv qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo, me me, thiab muaj peev xwm tso tawm lub teeb ntawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb.
Teeb twj tso kua mis:Lub diode laser tso tawm lub teeb uas raug nqus los ntawm cov khoom siv solid-state gain medium. Lub wavelength ntawm lub diode laser yog tsim los kom phim cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov khoom siv gain medium.
Lub Xeev KhoomTau Txais Nruab Nrab
Khoom siv:Qhov nce qib hauv DPSS lasers feem ntau yog cov khoom siv khov kho xws li Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), lossis Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
Kev siv tshuaj doping:Cov ntaub ntawv no yog doped nrog cov ions tsis tshua muaj neeg (xws li Nd lossis Yb), uas yog cov ions laser nquag.
Kev Nqus Tau Zog thiab Kev Txhawb Nqa:Thaum lub teeb twj tso kua mis los ntawm lub diode laser nkag mus rau hauv qhov nruab nrab nce, cov ions tsis tshua muaj neeg nqus cov zog no thiab zoo siab rau cov xeev muaj zog siab dua.
Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Neeg
Ua tiav Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Neeg Pej Xeem:Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm laser yog ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv qhov nruab nrab nce. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj ntau cov ions nyob rau hauv lub xeev excited dua li nyob rau hauv lub xeev av.
Kev Tso Tawm Uas Txhawb Nqa:Thaum cov pej xeem rov qab los ua tiav, qhov kev qhia txog photon sib raug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov xeev excited thiab av tuaj yeem ua rau cov ions excited rov qab mus rau hauv av, tso tawm photon hauv cov txheej txheem.
Lub tshuab kho qhov muag
Cov iav: Qhov nruab nrab nce qib yog muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab kho qhov muag, feem ntau tsim los ntawm ob daim iav ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
Cov Lus Teb Rov Qab thiab Kev Ua Kom Loj Dua: Ib daim iav ci ntsa iab heev, thiab lwm daim ci ntsa iab ib nrab. Cov photons dhia rov qab los ntawm cov iav no, ua rau muaj ntau qhov tso tawm thiab ua kom lub teeb ci ntsa iab.
Kev Tawm Tsam Laser
Lub Teeb Sib Xws: Cov photons uas raug tso tawm yog sib xws, txhais tau tias lawv nyob rau hauv theem thiab muaj tib lub wavelength.
Cov zis: Daim iav uas ci ntsa iab ib nrab tso cai rau qee lub teeb no hla dhau, tsim cov teeb laser uas tawm ntawm DPSS laser.
Cov Qauv Ntsuas Pumping: Sab vs. Qhov Kawg Pumping
| Txoj Kev Twj Tso Kua Mis | Kev piav qhia | Cov ntawv thov | Cov txiaj ntsig | Cov Kev Sib Tw |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kev Tso Dej Sab | Lub teeb twj tso kua mis tau qhia txog perpendicular rau lub laser nruab nrab | Cov lasers siv pas nrig los yog fiber ntau | Kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb twj tso kua mis sib xws, tsim rau cov ntawv thov muaj zog siab | Kev faib tawm tsis sib xws, qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb qis dua |
| Xaus Pumping | Lub teeb twj tso kua mis taw qhia raws tib lub axis li lub teeb laser | Cov lasers khov kho xws li Nd:YAG | Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov nce siab, qhov zoo dua ntawm lub teeb | Kev sib dhos ua ke, kev tso cua sov tsis zoo hauv cov lasers muaj zog heev |
Cov Kev Cai rau Lub Teeb Twj Tso Kua Mis Zoo
| Qhov Yuav Tsum Tau Ua | Qhov Tseem Ceeb | Kev Cuam Tshuam/Kev Sib Npaug | Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev Tsim Nyog Spectrum | Qhov ntev ntawm lub wavelength yuav tsum phim qhov absorption spectrum ntawm lub laser medium | Ua kom muaj kev nqus tau zoo thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem zoo | - |
| Qhov muaj zog | Yuav tsum siab txaus rau qib kev txhawb siab xav tau | Qhov muaj zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cua sov; qhov tsawg dhau yuav tsis ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem. | - |
| Qhov Zoo ntawm Beam | Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov lasers uas siv lub tshuab nqus dej kawg | Xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas zoo thiab pab txhawb rau qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb laser | Qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib tshooj ntawm lub teeb twj tso kua mis thiab lub ntim laser hom |
| Kev sib hloov pauv | Yuav tsum muaj rau cov xov xwm nrog cov khoom anisotropic | Txhim kho kev nqus dej zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub teeb laser uas tawm los ntawm lub teeb polarization | Tej zaum yuav tsim nyog rau lub xeev polarization tshwj xeeb |
| Lub suab nrov nrov | Cov suab nrov qis yog qhov tseem ceeb | Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov zis laser | Tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ruaj khov thiab kev ua haujlwm siab |
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-01-2023