Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis optoelectronic, cov semiconductor lasers tau pom cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv cov teb xws li kev sib txuas lus, cov khoom siv kho mob, kev ntsuas laser, kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom. Hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog PN junction, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb ci xwb tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Tsab xov xwm no muab cov lus qhia meej thiab luv luv ntawm cov qauv, cov ntsiab cai, thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm PN junction hauv semiconductor lasers.
1. PN Junction yog dab tsi?
Lub PN junction yog qhov interface tsim ntawm P-type semiconductor thiab N-type semiconductor:
P-hom semiconductor yog doped nrog cov khoom tsis huv, xws li boron (B), ua rau cov qhov feem ntau yog cov neeg nqa khoom them.
Cov semiconductor N-type yog doped nrog cov khoom tsis huv, xws li phosphorus (P), ua rau cov electrons feem ntau yog cov neeg nqa khoom.
Thaum cov khoom siv P-hom thiab N-hom raug coj los sib cuag, cov electrons los ntawm thaj tsam N-diffuse mus rau hauv thaj tsam P-, thiab cov qhov los ntawm thaj tsam P-diffuse mus rau hauv thaj tsam N-. Qhov kev sib kis no tsim ib cheeb tsam depletion qhov twg cov electrons thiab cov qhov recombine, tawm hauv qab cov ions them uas tsim ib lub teb hluav taws xob sab hauv, hu ua lub peev xwm thaiv teeb meem.
2. Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm PN Junction hauv Lasers
(1) Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
Thaum lub laser ua haujlwm, qhov PN junction yog forward biased: P-cheeb tsam txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob zoo, thiab N-cheeb tsam txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Qhov no tshem tawm lub zog hluav taws xob sab hauv, tso cai rau cov electrons thiab qhov kom raug txhaj rau hauv thaj chaw nquag ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, qhov chaw uas lawv yuav rov sib koom ua ke.
(2) Kev Tso Tawm Lub Teeb: Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Tso Tawm Uas Tau Txhawb Nqa
Hauv thaj chaw nquag, cov electrons thiab qhov uas txhaj tshuaj rov sib xyaw ua ke thiab tso cov photons. Thaum pib, cov txheej txheem no yog kev tso tawm yam tsis tau npaj tseg, tab sis thaum qhov ceev ntawm photon nce ntxiv, cov photons tuaj yeem txhawb kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm electron-hole ntxiv, tso cov photons ntxiv nrog tib theem, kev coj, thiab lub zog - qhov no yog kev tso tawm uas tau txhawb nqa.
Cov txheej txheem no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub laser (Lub Teeb Amplification los ntawm Kev Tso Tawm Hluav Taws Xob).
(3) Kev nce thiab cov kab rov tav Resonant los ntawm Laser Output
Txhawm rau kom ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev tso tawm, cov lasers semiconductor suav nrog cov qhov resonant ntawm ob sab ntawm PN junction. Hauv cov lasers edge-emitting, piv txwv li, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) lossis cov iav txheej kom cuam tshuam lub teeb rov qab thiab tawm. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb kom raug nthuav dav, thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev taw qhia laser tso zis.
3. Cov Qauv Sib Txuas PN thiab Kev Tsim Kho Kom Zoo
Nyob ntawm seb hom semiconductor laser, cov qauv PN yuav txawv:
Ib Leeg Heterojunction (SH):
Thaj tsam P, thaj tsam N, thiab thaj tsam nquag yog ua los ntawm tib yam khoom siv. Thaj tsam recombination dav thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig.
Ob Chav Heterojunction (DH):
Ib txheej bandgap active uas nqaim dua yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm thaj tsam P- thiab N. Qhov no txwv ob qho tib si cov neeg nqa khoom thiab cov photons, ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Cov qauv ntawm lub qhov dej quantum:
Siv ib txheej nyias nyias los tsim cov teebmeem quantum confinement, txhim kho cov yam ntxwv threshold thiab kev hloov pauv ceev.
Cov qauv no yog tsim los txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov cab kuj, kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev tso tawm lub teeb hauv thaj chaw PN sib tshuam.
4. Xaus Lus
Lub PN junction yog lub "plawv" ntawm lub semiconductor laser tiag tiag. Nws lub peev xwm los txhaj cov carriers hauv qab kev cuam tshuam pem hauv ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim laser. Txij li kev tsim qauv thiab kev xaiv cov khoom siv mus rau kev tswj photon, kev ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej laser tig mus rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm PN junction.
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis optoelectronic txuas ntxiv mus, kev nkag siab tob dua txog PN junction physics tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua haujlwm laser xwb tab sis kuj tseem tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho ntawm tiam tom ntej ntawm high-power, high-speed, thiab pheej yig semiconductor lasers.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-28-2025