Nrog rau kev nce qib sai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis optoelectronic, semiconductor lasers tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li kev sib txuas lus, tshuaj, kev ua lag luam, thiab LiDAR, ua tsaug rau lawv qhov ua tau zoo, me me, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev hloov kho. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog qhov nce nruab nrab, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Nws ua haujlwm ua tus"qhov chaw muaj zog"uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tsim laser, txiav txim siab lub laser's kev ua tau zoo, wavelength, thiab daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm.
1. Ib qho cuab yeej pab kom tau txiaj ntsig yog dab tsi?
Raws li lub npe qhia, qhov nruab nrab nce yog cov khoom siv uas muab kev ua kom pom kev zoo. Thaum raug txhawb los ntawm cov chaw muaj zog sab nraud (xws li kev txhaj tshuaj hluav taws xob lossis kev nqus dej pom kev), nws ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo dua los ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tso tawm, ua rau muaj cov zis laser.
Hauv cov lasers semiconductor, qhov nruab nrab nce feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm thaj chaw nquag ntawm PN junction, uas nws cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov qauv, thiab cov txheej txheem doping cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li qhov tam sim no threshold, emission wavelength, efficiency, thiab thermal yam ntxwv.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Semiconductor Lasers
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke III-V yog cov khoom siv nce siab uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
Haum rau cov lasers emitting hauv 850–980 nm ntau yam, siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus optical thiab laser luam ntawv.
②Indium Phosphide (InP)
Siv rau kev tso tawm hauv 1.3 µm thiab 1.55 µm bands, tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus fiber-optic.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem hloov kho kom ua tiav cov wavelengths sib txawv, tsim lub hauv paus rau cov qauv laser tunable-wavelength.
Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau muaj cov qauv bandgap ncaj qha, ua rau lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob nrog photon emission, zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv semiconductor laser nce nruab nrab.
3. Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Qauv Kev Nce Qib
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom tau nce qib, cov qauv nce hauv semiconductor lasers tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov homojunctions thaum ntxov mus rau heterojunctions, thiab ntxiv mus rau qib siab quantum zoo thiab quantum dot configurations.
①Heterojunction Gain Medium
Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor nrog cov bandgaps sib txawv, cov neeg nqa khoom thiab cov photons tuaj yeem raug txwv tsis pub siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txo qhov tam sim no.
②Cov Qauv Qhov Dej Quantum
Los ntawm kev txo qhov tuab ntawm thaj chaw nquag mus rau qhov ntsuas nanometer, cov electrons raug txwv rau hauv ob qhov ntev, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Qhov no ua rau cov lasers nrog cov dej ntws qis dua thiab kev ruaj khov thermal zoo dua.
③Cov Qauv Quantum Dot
Siv cov txheej txheem sib dhos ua ke, cov qauv nano-seem xoom tau tsim, muab cov kev faib tawm ntawm lub zog ntse. Cov qauv no muab cov yam ntxwv nce ntxiv thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, ua rau lawv yog qhov chaw tshawb fawb rau cov lasers semiconductor ua haujlwm siab tiam tom ntej.
4. Tus Neeg Siv Khoom Siv Tau Txais Txiaj Ntsig Txheeb Xyuas Dab Tsi?
①Qhov ntev ntawm qhov tso tawm
Qhov bandgap ntawm cov khoom txiav txim siab lub laser's wavelength. Piv txwv li, InGaAs yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov lasers ze-infrared, thaum InGaN yog siv rau cov lasers xiav lossis violet.
②Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo & Lub Zog
Kev txav mus los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom thiab cov nqi sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis yog hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob mus rau hluav taws xob.
③Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub
Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv teb rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntau txoj hauv kev, cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub laser hauv kev lag luam thiab tub rog ib puag ncig.
④Kev teb rau kev hloov pauv
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nce siab cuam tshuam rau lub laser's ceev ntawm cov lus teb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus ceev ceev.
5. Xaus Lus
Hauv cov qauv nyuaj ntawm semiconductor lasers, qhov nce nruab nrab yog nws "lub plawv" tiag tiag—tsis yog tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov laser xwb tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej, kev ruaj khov, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov. Txij li kev xaiv cov khoom siv mus rau kev tsim qauv, los ntawm kev ua tau zoo macroscopic mus rau cov txheej txheem microscopic, txhua qhov kev tawg hauv qhov nruab nrab nce qib yog tsav tsheb laser thev naus laus zis mus rau kev ua tau zoo dua, kev siv dav dua, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tob dua.
Nrog kev nce qib tas mus li hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov thev naus laus zis nano-fabrication, yav tom ntej qhov nruab nrab yuav tsum coj qhov kaj siab dua, kev npog dav dua wavelength, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem laser ntse dua.—qhib ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam, thiab zej zog.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-17-2025